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How to Grow Fava Beans USA | Complete Growing Guide

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Fava beans (Vicia faba)

A dense, healthy stand of broad bean plants growing in rows. Photo: Schlaghecken Josef, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

15 sources cited · Verified

The short answer

Site
6+ hours of sun, soil pH 6–7
Biggest risk
Broad bean chocolate spot

Broad beans (Vicia faba) — Hardy annual legume.

Core growing advice on this page is checked against named horticultural and university-extension sources — see References.

At a Glance

Vicia faba Broad bean Broad bean rust Broad bean chocolate sp… Broad bean seed beetle Pea and bean weevil Blackfly (black bean ap… DISEASES PESTS

Quick Facts

Factor Value
Soil pH 6 - 7
Sunlight 6-10 hours direct sun
Germination temp 3C
Optimal growing temp 18-28C
Soil texture RHS: "rich, free-draining soil"; before sowing "fork in plenty of well-rotted manure or home-made garden compost - at least two bucketfuls per square metre/yard".
Drainage RHS: free-draining, in a "sunny, sheltered site".
Lifecycle Hardy annual legume; semi-hardy -- hardy longpod cultivars (e.g. Aquadulce Claudia) withstand light frost and are sown outdoors in autumn to overwinter, but not heavy frost or hard freezes.
Edible parts pods (shelled or whole), young shoot tips

When to plant in the USA

United States. Broad beans are a cool-season crop, and where you are decides whether they are an autumn sowing or a spring one. In mild-winter regions they are sown in autumn to overwinter: UC gives late summer through November for an early-spring picking, and WSU gives a specific maritime Pacific Northwest anchor — "plant fava or broad beans the second week of November for June harvest". In mild, cool regions UC also allows a January sowing for early-summer beans. Further north and inland, autumn sowing stops working: UC states plainly that excessively cold winters and hot summers both disfavour the crop, so in cold-winter regions it becomes an early-spring sowing made as soon as the ground can be worked, aiming to crop before summer heat arrives. Sow 1-2 in deep, 6-8 in apart, in rows 18 in apart. One agronomic note worth planning around: the root nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen, but only before pods form — so a crop grown for the soil is cut at flowering, while a crop grown for beans has already spent most of that benefit.

Soil & Growing Conditions

Young broad bean plants staked with canes and coming into flower in a raised bed — "-2019-05-17 Broad bean plants, Trimingham" by Kolforn is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: Wikimedia Commons
“-2019-05-17 Broad bean plants, Trimingham” by Kolforn is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

Water: RHS: plants in the ground "don't generally need regular watering, unless they are grown in light, free-draining soil"; give a "good soak as they start flowering, and again two weeks later". Containers need frequent watering throughout the season. Univ. of Maryland: "Keep the root zone moist by watering deeply and regularly during dry periods. Water more frequently when pods begin to develop".

Soil pH range

6 7

Span reflects genuine variation between the cited authorities, not a single agreed figure.

Growth Stages

Stage BBCH Notes
Sowing & Establishment 0 Sow 5-7.5cm (2-3in) deep, or start indoors in pots/modular trays at 5cm (2in) deep with the seed scar facing downwards (RHS). Space plants 15-23cm (6-9in) apart within the row; grow in double rows 23cm (9in) apart with 60cm (2ft) between each double row, or single rows 45cm (18in) apart (RHS). Two UK sowing windows: hardy longpod cultivars (e.g. 'Aquadulce Claudia') can be autumn-sown in October or November in mild, sheltered sites to overwinter as small seedlings for the earliest crop; the main sowing is spring, from February through April and even early May, for harvests through summer (RHS). Fava/broad bean is a semi-hardy annual that withstands light frosts but not hard freezes (Univ. of Maryland). Seed germinates once average soil temperature at sowing depth reaches about 3-5C (Saskatchewan Pulse Growers).
Vegetative Growth 3 Most broad beans need staking as they grow: insert sturdy stakes at each corner of the row and every 1.2m (4ft) along it, then run string around the stakes at 30cm (1ft) intervals from the ground (RHS). Dwarf varieties such as 'The Sutton' (to 45cm/18in) generally support each other, especially in double rows, and need no staking (RHS). Plants in the ground do not usually need regular watering at this stage unless grown in light, free-draining soil (RHS).
Flowering 6 Give plants a good soak as flowering begins, and again two weeks later - this single step "greatly improves the harvest" (RHS). Keep watering consistent through this stage, especially in light or free-draining soil (RHS; Univ. of Maryland: "keep the root zone moist by watering deeply and regularly during dry periods").
Pod Development 7 Once the lowest set of flowers has formed small pods, pinch out the shoot tips at the top of each plant - this channels energy into pod development and reduces blackfly (black bean aphid) infestations, which target the soft growing tips (RHS). The pinched tips are edible and can be cooked like spinach (RHS). Keep the root zone moist, watering deeply and regularly during dry periods - water more frequently once pods begin to develop (Univ. of Maryland).
Ripening & Harvest 8 Pick pods when they are full but still relatively small - small beans are sweeter and more tender than large ones. Check the scar on the bean: it should still be white or green, not black (RHS). Young, immature pods can be picked whole at about 7cm (3in) long and cooked like French beans (RHS).
Senescence & End of Crop 9 Once harvesting has finished, cut plants down to the base and compost the top growth. As a legume, broad bean fixes nitrogen from the air at its roots - leave the roots in the ground after cutting to boost soil nitrogen levels for the next crop (RHS).

Harvest & Storage

A pile of freshly picked broad bean pods, one split open to show the beans inside — "-2021-06-30 Harvested Broad beans, Trimingham" by Kolforn is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: Wikimedia Commons
“-2021-06-30 Harvested Broad beans, Trimingham” by Kolforn is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

When to pick: RHS: pick "pods when they are full but still relatively small"; the "scar on the bean...should still be white or green, not black". Young pods can be eaten whole at "about 7cm (3in) long". RHS gives no time from sowing to harvest and no storage method.

Diseases

Broad bean rust
moderate

Uromyces viciae-fabae

RHS: broad bean rust affects "Broad beans" and "peas and other related legumes"; in the UK the fungus completes its entire life cycle on broad bean. The RHS broad bean guide also names broad bean rust among its…

Broad bean chocolate spot
cosmetic_to_severe

Botrytis fabae (also Botrytis cinerea)

RHS: Botrytis fabae "affects only broad beans" among garden bean crops. The RHS broad bean guide also names chocolate spot among its diseases. RHS: contained in dry weather ("small round spots") but "very damaging" in…

Pests

Broad bean seed beetle
minor

Bruchus rufimanus

RHS: broad bean seed beetle affects broad bean seeds. The RHS broad bean guide also names broad bean seed beetle among its pests. RHS: "affected seeds will usually germinate...the seed embryo is undamaged"; "can…

Pea and bean weevil
high_at_seedling_stage

Sitona lineatus

RHS: pea and bean weevil affects "Broad bean and garden pea". The RHS broad bean guide also names pea and bean weevils among its pests. RHS: "there may be a check in growth if small seedlings are heavily fed on" but…

Blackfly (black bean aphid)
moderate

Aphis fabae species group

RHS: blackfly affects "broad, French and runner beans". On broad beans specifically, "pod formation can be poor if the plants become heavily affected". The RHS broad bean guide also names blackfly (black bean aphid)…

References

  1. Tier 1.

  2. country=INTL

  3. country=International

  4. country=UK

  5. country=UK

  6. country=UK

  7. country=UK

  8. Tier 1.

  9. country=UK

  10. country=UK

  11. country=Canada

  12. Tier 1. US extension source for the Mediterranean West: sow in late summer for a late-autumn harvest, or late summer to November to overwinter for early-spring picking; sow in January for early-summer beans but only in mild, cool regions. Seed 1-2 in deep, 6-8 in apart, in rows 18 in apart. Excessively cold winters and hot summers do not favour growth, and plants do poorly in warm weather when they are susceptible to pests and diseases. Root nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen, but only before pods form.

  13. country=US

  14. country=USA

  15. Tier 1. US extension source for the maritime Pacific Northwest: "Plant Fava or Broad beans the second week of November for June Harvest." Advises choosing early-maturing cultivars for autumn sowings so they mature before frost slows or halts growth.

15 independent sources are cited for this crop. Where they disagree - soil pH is the clearest case - every figure is preserved rather than averaged into false precision.

Frequently Asked Questions

What soil pH do broad beans need?

A pH of about 6–7. That span reflects genuine variation between the authorities we cite rather than a single agreed figure — the References section lists each source's exact range.

What problems affect broad beans?

Our data links 2 diseases and 3 pests to this crop. See the sections above for each one and how to manage it.

Plan next season before the problems start

Almost everything on this page resolves to your own frost dates rather than the calendar — the last spring frost moves by roughly two months between zone 3 and zone 10. The USA Garden Planner works from your zone so the timing is already decided before the season starts.

Get the USA Garden Planner →

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SoilCommander Editorial Team

US vegetable growing guides · Checked against USDA & Cooperative Extension guidance

Every SoilCommander guide is written and maintained by our editorial team for real US growing conditions, and checked against USDA hardiness and frost-date data and Cooperative Extension growing advice before publication.

Vegetable Growing Guides USA

Last verified 2026-08-06

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