How to Grow Honeyberries Canada

At a Glance

Quick Facts

Factor	Value
Drainage	Well-drained, rich in organic matter, tolerates acidic and alkaline soil (RHS); tolerant of most soils, best in well-drained loam or sandy loam, tolerates clay if well-drained (USask).
Lifecycle	Very hardy deciduous shrub, a form of edible honeysuckle. Self-incompatible: RHS and USask both state at least two different varieties, blooming at the same time, are needed to set fruit -- pollinated by bees and other insects (USask), though RHS notes flowering happens in late winter to very early spring "when there is little pollinating insect activity" and recommends hand-pollinating with a small, soft paintbrush as a result.
Edible parts	fruit

Growth Stages

Stage	BBCH	Notes
Planting and establishment	0	Plant in spring once frost risk has passed, giving a summer to establish (RHS). Space at least 1m (3ft) apart, in a hole big enough for the whole root mass, set 2.5-5cm (1-2in) deeper than the nursery depth; keep grass and weeds clear within about 1m (3ft) of newly planted stems (USask). Plant in pairs or groups from the start -- pollination depends on it (RHS; USask).
Flowering and pollination	6	Self-incompatible: needs a different, simultaneously-flowering variety nearby, at least two plants for a home garden (RHS; USask). Pollinated by bees and other insects (USask); RHS notes UK flowering happens late winter to very early spring when there is little pollinating insect activity, and recommends hand-pollinating with a small, soft paintbrush.
Pruning	3	Young plants need only dead material removed for the first three years (RHS). Established plants: RHS prunes early-mid summer after harvest -- remove weak/straggly/damaged growth, thin overcrowded shoots at the base, trim young shoot tips to encourage flowering laterals; USask prunes in fall or winter when the form is easier to see, and notes the shrub doesn't typically need much pruning. Rejuvenate an old plant by cutting back to about 15cm (6in) above the soil and letting it regrow (USask).
Fruiting and harvest	8	Genuinely fast to first crop: about two years from planting (RHS). Yield differs a little by source/cultivar: RHS gives about 6kg from a mature plant, USask gives 3-4.5kg (6-10lb) a year for its own bred cultivars. Harvest by hand-picking or shaking into a container (USask); berries ripe when blue with a whitish bloom and purple-red flesh (RHS), though USask warns they can look ripe 5-10 days before they actually are.

Harvest & Storage

When to pick: Late spring to early summer (RHS); USask gives late June to early July and warns berries can look ripe outside 5-10 days before they actually are inside. Ripe when blue with a whitish bloom and purple-red flesh -- green flesh means still sour (RHS).

Storage

Refrigerate 3-5 days for short-term storage; freeze, ferment, dehydrate or can for longer storage (USask).

Pests

Birds (fruit)

moderate

Aves

Named directly by USask as "the most common problem" -- netting with holes no larger than 1.25cm (0.5in) recommended. RHS reports no significant pest issues at all, a real difference in emphasis kept honest rather than…

Sources

1. University of Saskatchewan, Gardening at USask (College of Agriculture and Bioresources) - Haskaps

   Site: full sun to thrive (part sun gives less fruit); tolerant of most soils, best in well-drained loam or sandy loam, tolerates clay if well-drained. Hardiness: zones 1-4, U of S cultivars bred for cold hardiness, no winter protection needed. Spacing: at least 1m (3ft) apart, planted 2.5-5cm (1-2in) deeper than nursery depth, hole big enough for the whole root mass; keep grass/weeds clear within about 1m (3ft) of newly planted stems. Pollination: self-incompatible, needs another haskap of a different, simultaneously-blooming variety; pollinated by bees and other insects; at least two plants needed for a home garden. Pruning: fall or winter (form easier to see); doesn't typically need much; can rejuvenate by cutting back to ~15cm (6in) above soil and letting it regrow. Harvest: late June to early July; berries look ripe 5-10 days before they actually are; fully grown shrubs yield 3-4.5kg (6-10lb) a year; hand-picking works best, or shake into a container. Storage: 3-5 days refrigerated short-term; freeze, ferment, dehydrate or can for the long term. Pests/diseases: birds are the most common problem, netting with holes no larger than 1.25cm (0.5in) recommended; occasional sunscorch, cosmetic only. Propagation: commercial cultivars can't be grown from seed, propagated asexually via tissue culture; named cultivars are patented, propagated only by licensed growers. Named cultivars: Tundra, Borealis, Indigo Treat, Indigo Gem, Indigo Yum, Aurora, Honeybee, Blue Bell, Berry Blue, Cinderella -- berries range 0.7-2.17g each.

These source is specific to this region. The full list of 2 sources behind this guide (Royal Horticultural Society, University of Saskatchewan, Gardening at USask (College of Agriculture and Bioresources)) is in the references of our UK guide to honeyberries; they describe the plant itself, which is the same wherever it grows.