When to sow and plant out 269 vegetables, fruit, herbs and nuts in the UK, side by side for Southern England, the Midlands, Northern England and Scotland. Each row comes from that crop's own SoilCommander growing guide, which names its sources. Click any crop for the full guide.
How to read it. Windows are given as early, mid or late in a month, because a plot in Cornwall and one in Aberdeenshire do not share a season. Rows marked est. are estimates, interpolated between the regions our sources do state; 17 crops are estimates in every region, because no source gives a UK date for them. Switch the view to see planting-out windows, or tick In season this month to see what to sow now where you garden.
269 crops
| Crop | Family | S. England | Midlands | N. England | Scotland | Key facts from the guide |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AchochaCyclanthera pedata | Squashes & cucumbers | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | risk: cucumber mosaic virus |
| AlexandersSmyrnium olusatrum | Herbs & aromatics | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | RHS H6 |
| AlmondPrunus dulcisplanted, not sown | Nuts | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: cytospora canker |
| Alpine StrawberryFragaria vesca | Fruit & berries | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | RHS H6 · risk: grey mould |
| AngelicaAngelica archangelica | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | pH 5.5–6.5 · risk: powdery mildew |
| AppleMalus domesticaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | pH 6–7 · 6–8h sun · RHS H6 · risk: blossom wilt |
| ApricotPrunus armeniacaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | risk: blossom wilt |
| AroniaAronia melanocarpaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | RHS H6 · risk: cedar-quince rust |
| AshwagandhaWithania somnifera | The potato & tomato family | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | pH 6–7.5 · 6–8h sun |
| AsparagusAsparagus officinalis | Plant once, harvest for years | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown directest. | mid Mar–early Maysown direct | late Mar–early Maysown direct | pH 6–6.7 · 6h sun · 400–600 days · risk: fusarium crown and root rot |
| AubergineSolanum melongena | The potato & tomato family | early Feb–late Marearly May–late May | early Feb–late Marearly May–early Junest. | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | pH 6–6.5 · 6h sun · risk: verticillium wilt |
| Babington's LeekAllium ampeloprasum var. babingtonii | The onion family | mid Aug–mid Octsown direct | mid Aug–mid Octsown direct | mid Aug–mid Octsown direct | mid Aug–mid Octsown direct | pH 5.2–8.3 · risk: allium white rot |
| Bay LaurelLaurus nobilis | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | risk: laurel wilt |
| BeetrootBeta vulgaris | Roots & tubers | late Feb–late Julsown direct | early Mar–late Julsown directest. | early Apr–late Julsown direct | early Apr–late Julsown direct | pH 6–6.8 · 4–6h sun · 40–80 days · risk: downy mildew |
| BergamotMonarda didyma | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: bergamot rust |
| Bitter MelonMomordica charantia | Squashes & cucumbers | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | pH 5.5–6.7 · 6h sun · risk: powdery mildew |
| Black MulberryMorus nigraplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | pH 5.5–7 · risk: mulberry leaf spot |
| Black RadishRaphanus sativus var. niger | Brassicas & mustards | early May–early Octsown direct | early May–early Octsown direct | early May–early Octsown direct | early May–early Octsown direct | pH 6–7 · RHS H2 · risk: brassica downy mildew |
| BlackberryRubus fruticosus agg.planted, not sown | Fruit & berries | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | pH 5.6–6.5 · risk: raspberry cane blight |
| BlackcurrantRibes nigrumplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | late Oct–Marsown direct | late Oct–Marsown direct | late Oct–Marsown direct | late Oct–Marsown direct | pH 6.5–7.5 · risk: powdery mildew |
| BlueberryVaccinium corymbosumplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | mid-autumn–early springsown direct | mid-autumn–early springsown direct | mid-autumn–early springsown direct | mid-autumn–early springsown direct | pH 4.5–5.5 · RHS H6 · risk: honey fungus |
| BorageBorago officinalis | Herbs & aromatics | early Apr–mid Maysown direct | early Apr–mid Maysown direct | early Apr–mid Maysown direct | early Apr–mid Maysown direct | risk: powdery mildew |
| Bottle GourdLagenaria siceraria | Squashes & cucumbers | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | pH 5.5–7 · 6h sun · risk: powdery mildew |
| Broad beanVicia faba | Peas & beans | early Feb–early Maysown direct | early Mar–mid Maysown directest. | mid Mar–late Maysown directest. | late Mar–late Maysown directest. | pH 6–7 · 6–10h sun · risk: broad bean chocolate spot |
| Broadleaf Wild LeekAllium tricoccum var. tricoccum | The onion family | early Sep–early Novsown direct | early Sep–early Novsown direct | early Sep–early Novsown direct | early Sep–early Novsown direct | risk: bulb rot |
| Broccoli | Brassicas & mustards | early Apr–late Junsown direct | early Apr–late Junsown directest. | mid Apr–late Junsown direct | mid Apr–late Junsown direct | pH 6.8–7.5 · 50–90 days from planting · risk: white blister |
| BroccoliniBrassica oleracea var. italica x Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | pH 6–7 · risk: powdery mildew |
| Brussels sproutsBrassica oleracea Gemmifera Group | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–late Aprearly May–mid Jun | early Mar–early Mayearly May–late Junest. | mid Mar–mid Maymid May–late Jun | mid Mar–mid Maymid May–late Jun | pH 6.5–7 · 6–10h sun · 108–142 days · risk: club root |
| BuckwheatFagopyrum esculentum | Grains & pseudo-grains | early Apr–early Augsown direct | early Apr–early Augsown direct | early Apr–late Julsown direct | mid Apr–mid Julsown direct | risk: foot and root rot |
| Burdock | Roots & tubers | early Jun–early Julsown direct | early Jun–early Julsown direct | early Jun–early Julsown direct | early Jun–early Julsown direct | RHS H4 · risk: powdery mildew |
| CabbageBrassica oleracea Capitata Group | Brassicas & mustards | early Feb–late Julearly May–late Jul | early Feb–late Julearly May–late Jul | early Feb–late Julearly May–late Jul | early Feb–late Julearly May–late Jul | pH 6–7.5 · 6–10h sun · risk: club root |
| CalçotAllium cepa | The onion family | mid Aug–early Octsown direct | mid Aug–early Octsown direct | mid Aug–early Octsown direct | mid Aug–early Octsown direct | risk: allium white rot |
| CalendulaCalendula officinalis | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: powdery mildew |
| CallalooAmaranthus viridis | Leaves & salads | early May–early Julsown direct | early May–early Julsown direct | early May–early Julsown direct | early May–early Julsown direct | risk: damping-off |
| Cape GooseberryPhysalis peruviana | Fruit & berries | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | pH 5–6.5 · 90–150 days · risk: cucumber mosaic virus |
| CaperCapparis spinosa | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | RHS H1C |
| CarawayCarum carvi | Herbs & aromatics | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | RHS H7 |
| CardamomElettaria cardamomum | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | RHS H1B · risk: cardamom virus diseases |
| CardoonCynara cardunculus | Plant once, harvest for years | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | pH 5.5–7 · 6h sun · risk: grey mould |
| CarrotDaucus carota | Roots & tubers | early Feb–early Julsown direct | early Feb–early Julsown directest. | early Mar–early Julsown direct | early Mar–early Julsown direct | pH 6–6.5 · 6h sun · 65–112 days · risk: alternaria leaf blight |
| CauliflowerBrassica oleracea Botrytis Group | Brassicas & mustards | mid Jan–mid Julsown direct | mid Jan–mid Julsown direct | mid Jan–mid Julsown direct | mid Jan–mid Julsown direct | pH 6.5 · 60–70 days from planting · risk: white blister |
| CeleriacApium graveolens var. rapaceum | Roots & tubers | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | risk: celery leaf spot |
| CeleryApium graveolens | Leaves & salads | early Mar–mid Aprmid May–mid Junest. | early Mar–mid Aprearly Jun–late Junest. | mid Mar–late Aprearly Jun–early Julest. | early Apr–early Maylate Jun–mid Julest. | pH 5.8–6.8 · 70–84 days · risk: cucumber mosaic virus |
| ChamomileChamaemelum nobile | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | RHS H7 |
| ChardBeta vulgaris subsp. cicla | Roots & tubers | early Apr–late Julsown directest. | early Apr–late Julsown directest. | early Apr–late Julsown directest. | early Apr–late Julsown directest. | pH 6–6.5 · 4–8h sun · 50–70 days · risk: grey mould |
| ChayoteSechium edule | Squashes & cucumbers | early May–early Junsown direct | early May–early Junsown direct | early May–early Junsown direct | early May–early Junsown direct | pH 5.5–7 · risk: chayote powdery mildew |
| ChervilAnthriscus cerefolium | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Junsown direct | early Mar–early Junsown direct | early Mar–early Junsown direct | early Mar–early Junsown direct | pH 6–7 · 56–63 days |
| ChickpeaCicer arietinum | Peas & beans | early Mar–late Junsown direct | early Mar–late Junsown direct | early Mar–late Junsown direct | early Mar–late Junsown direct | pH 6–8.5 · 6h sun · 100 days · risk: chickpea ascochyta blight |
| ChicoryCichorium intybus | Leaves & salads | early Apr–late Julsown direct | early Apr–late Julsown direct | early Apr–late Julsown direct | early Apr–late Julsown direct | pH 6–7.5 · 6h sun · 30–60 days · risk: grey mould |
| Chilli PepperCapsicum frutescens | The potato & tomato family | mid Feb–mid Aprsown direct | mid Feb–mid Aprsown direct | mid Feb–mid Aprsown direct | mid Feb–mid Aprsown direct | risk: grey mould |
| Chinese CabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensis | Brassicas & mustards | early Jul–early Augsown direct | early Jul–early Augsown direct | early Jul–early Augsown direct | early Jul–early Augsown direct | pH 5.5–6.8 · RHS H3 · risk: white blister |
| ChivesAllium schoenoprasum | The onion family | early Mar–early Octsown direct | early Mar–early Octsown direct | early Mar–early Octsown direct | early Mar–early Octsown direct | pH 6–6.6 · risk: onion downy mildew |
| Choi SumBrassica rapa var. parachinensis | Brassicas & mustards | early Apr–late Sepsown direct | early Apr–late Sepsown direct | early Apr–late Sepsown direct | early Apr–late Sepsown direct | pH 5.5–6.8 · risk: club root |
| Collard GreensBrassica oleracea Acephala Group | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–mid Julsown direct | early Mar–mid Julsown direct | early Mar–mid Julsown direct | early Mar–mid Julsown direct | risk: club root |
| Coriander | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–late Sepsown direct | early Mar–late Sepsown direct | early Mar–late Sepsown direct | early Mar–late Sepsown direct | pH 5.5–7.5 · 70 days · risk: powdery mildew |
| Corn Salad | Leaves & salads | early Aug–late Sepsown direct | early Aug–late Sepsown direct | early Aug–late Sepsown direct | early Aug–late Sepsown direct | pH 6–7 · 14–21 days · risk: corn salad downy mildew |
| CostmaryTanacetum balsamita | Herbs & aromatics | early Apr–late Augsown direct | early Apr–late Augsown direct | early Apr–late Augsown direct | early Apr–late Augsown direct | pH 5.5–7.5 · 2–6h sun · RHS H7 · risk: southern blight |
| CourgetteCucurbita pepo | Squashes & cucumbers | early May–late Junlate May–late Jun | early May–late Junearly Jun–early Julest. | early May–late Junearly Jun–mid Julest. | early May–late Junearly Jun–mid Jul | pH 6–6.5 · 6h sun · 55 days from planting · risk: grey mould |
| CranberryVaccinium macrocarponplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early May–late Junsown direct | early May–late Junsown direct | early May–late Junsown direct | early May–late Junsown direct | RHS H6 · risk: lime-induced chlorosis |
| Crimson CloverTrifolium incarnatum | Peas & beans | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–early Junsown direct | mid Mar–mid Junsown direct | late Mar–late Junsown direct | RHS H4 |
| CucamelonMelothria scabra | Squashes & cucumbers | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | 6h sun · 70–75 days |
| CucumberCucumis sativus | Squashes & cucumbers | early Feb–late Aprlate May–late Jun | early Feb–late Aprearly Jun–early Julest. | early Feb–late Aprearly Jun–mid Julest. | early Feb–late Aprearly Jun–mid Jul | pH 6–6.5 · 6h sun · 50–70 days · risk: powdery mildew |
| CuminCuminum cyminum | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | pH 5–6.5 · RHS H2 |
| DaikonRaphanus sativus var. longipinnatus | Brassicas & mustards | early Jul–early Sepsown direct | early Jul–early Sepsown direct | early Jul–early Sepsown direct | early Jul–early Sepsown direct | pH 6–7 · RHS H2 · risk: brassica downy mildew |
| DamsonPrunus insititia | Fruit & berries | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | pH 6–7 · 6–8h sun · RHS H6 · risk: silver leaf |
| DandelionTaraxacum officinale | Leaves & salads | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | pH 6–6.4 · RHS H7 |
| DaylilyHemerocallis fulva | Plant once, harvest for years | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | mid Mar–late Aprsown direct | risk: daylily rust |
| DillAnethum graveolens | Herbs & aromatics | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | pH 6–7 · 42 days |
| Edamame | Peas & beans | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | pH 6–7 · 6h sun · risk: downy mildew |
| Edible LupinLupinus albus | Peas & beans | early Apr–mid Aprsown direct | early Apr–mid Aprsown direct | early Apr–mid Aprsown direct | early Apr–mid Aprsown direct | RHS H3 · risk: lupin virus diseases |
| Elephant GarlicAllium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum | The onion family | early Oct–late Novsown direct | early Oct–mid Novsown directest. | late Sep–early Novsown directest. | mid Sep–late Octsown directest. | pH 6–6.5 · 180–240 days · risk: allium white rot |
| EndiveCichorium endivia | Leaves & salads | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | pH 6.5–7.8 · 6h sun · 70–100 days · risk: endive downy mildew |
| EpazoteDysphania ambrosioides | Leaves & salads | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | pH 6.5–7.5 · risk: lettuce mosaic virus |
| FennelFoeniculum vulgare var. azoricum | Roots & tubers | early Jun–late Julsown directest. | early Jun–late Julsown directest. | early Jun–late Julsown directest. | early Jun–late Julsown directest. | pH 6.5–8 · 42–120 days · risk: powdery mildew |
| FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecum | Herbs & aromatics | early May–early Augsown direct | early May–early Augsown direct | early May–late Julsown direct | mid May–mid Julsown direct | RHS H4 · risk: charcoal rot |
| FigFicus caricaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | risk: honey fungus |
| French beanPhaseolus vulgaris | Peas & beans | late May–late Jullate May–late Jun | early Jun–late Julearly Jun–early Julest. | early Jun–late Julearly Jun–mid Julest. | early Jun–late Julearly Jun–mid Jul | pH 5.5–7.5 · 6–10h sun · 50–70 days · risk: bean anthracnose |
| French SorrelRumex scutatus | Leaves & salads | mid Mar–early Junsown direct | mid Mar–early Junsown direct | late Mar–early Junsown direct | late Mar–mid Junsown direct | RHS H6 |
| GalangalAlpinia galanga | Herbs & aromatics | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | risk: galangal leaf spot |
| GarlicAllium sativum | The onion family | early Sep–late Novsown directest. | early Sep–late Novsown directest. | early Sep–late Novsown directest. | early Sep–late Novsown directest. | pH 6–8 · 6–10h sun · 250–270 days · risk: allium white rot |
| Garlic ChivesAllium tuberosum | The onion family | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | pH 6–6.8 · risk: onion downy mildew |
| GingerZingiber officinale | Herbs & aromatics | early Feb–early Marsown direct | early Feb–early Marsown direct | early Feb–early Marsown direct | early Feb–early Marsown direct | 3–6h sun · 150–210 days · risk: bacterial wilt |
| Globe ArtichokeCynara scolymus | Plant once, harvest for years | mid Feb–mid Aprsown direct | mid Feb–mid Aprsown direct | mid Feb–mid Aprsown direct | mid Feb–mid Aprsown direct | pH 6–6.5 · 6h sun · risk: verticillium wilt |
| Goji BerryLycium barbarumplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | pH 5.5–8 · 6–8h sun · RHS H5 · risk: powdery mildew |
| Golden GarlicAllium moly | The onion family | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | RHS H6 · risk: allium white rot |
| Good King HenryBlitum bonus-henricus | Leaves & salads | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | |
| GooseberryRibes uva-crispaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Dec–early Marsown direct | early Dec–early Marsown direct | early Dec–early Marsown direct | early Dec–early Marsown direct | pH 6–7 · RHS H6 · risk: powdery mildew |
| Grain AmaranthAmaranthus hypochondriacus | Grains & pseudo-grains | early Apr–early Maysown directest. | early Apr–mid Maysown directest. | mid Apr–mid Maysown directest. | mid Apr–late Maysown directest. | pH 6.5–7.5 · 90–100 days · risk: damping-off |
| GrapeVitis viniferaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | pH 5.5–7.5 · risk: grey mould |
| Great Yellow AlliumAllium flavum | The onion family | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | pH 6–7.5 · RHS H5 · risk: allium white rot |
| Ground CherryPhysalis pruinosa | The potato & tomato family | mid Feb–mid Marearly May–late May | mid Feb–mid Marearly May–late May | mid Feb–mid Marearly May–late May | mid Feb–mid Marearly May–late May | pH 6–6.5 · 8h sun |
| Habanero ChilliCapsicum chinense | The potato & tomato family | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | pH 5.5–8 · 6–8h sun · RHS H1C · risk: grey mould |
| Hamburg ParsleyPetroselinum crispum var. tuberosum | Roots & tubers | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | pH 6–7.5 · RHS H6 · risk: parsley leaf spot |
| HazelnutCorylus avellanaplanted, not sown | Nuts | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | risk: eastern filbert blight |
| HeartseaseViola tricolor | Herbs & aromatics | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | RHS H7 · risk: viola virus diseases |
| Herb FennelFoeniculum vulgare var. vulgare | Herbs & aromatics | mid Apr–late Maysown direct | mid Apr–late Maysown direct | mid Apr–late Maysown direct | mid Apr–late Maysown direct | risk: root rot |
| Holy BasilOcimum tenuiflorum | Herbs & aromatics | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | pH 6–7.5 · RHS H1C · risk: powdery mildew |
| HoneyberryLonicera caeruleaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | |
| HorseradishArmoracia rusticana | Brassicas & mustards | early Dec–late Febsown direct | early Dec–late Febsown direct | early Dec–late Febsown direct | early Dec–late Febsown direct | pH 6–7 · risk: club root |
| HostaHosta sieboldiana | Plant once, harvest for years | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | mid Mar–late Aprsown direct | |
| HuauzontleChenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae | Leaves & salads | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | risk: quinoa downy mildew |
| HyssopHyssopus officinalis | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | RHS H7 · risk: foot and root rot |
| Ice PlantMesembryanthemum crystallinum | Leaves & salads | mid May–mid Junsown direct | late May–late Junsown direct | late May–late Junsown direct | early Jun–early Julsown direct | risk: damping-off |
| Japanese WineberryRubus phoenicolasiusplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | mid Oct–late Marsown directest. | mid Oct–late Marsown directest. | mid Oct–late Marsown directest. | mid Oct–late Marsown directest. | risk: grey mould |
| Jerusalem ArtichokeHelianthus tuberosus | Roots & tubers | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | pH 6–6.6 · 6h sun · risk: white mold |
| JostaberryRibes x nidigrolariaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–late Febsown direct | early Nov–late Febsown direct | early Nov–late Febsown direct | early Nov–late Febsown direct | RHS H5 |
| KailanBrassica oleracea Alboglabra Group | Brassicas & mustards | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | risk: damping-off |
| KaleBrassica oleracea Acephala Group | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–late Junmid Apr–late Jul | mid Mar–late Junearly May–late Julest. | early Apr–mid Junmid May–mid Julest. | early Apr–early Junlate May–early Julest. | pH 6–6.5 · 4h sun · 50–55 days · risk: club root |
| Keel-leaved GarlicAllium carinatum | The onion family | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: allium white rot |
| Kiwi FruitActinidia deliciosaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | risk: grey mould |
| KohlrabiBrassica oleracea Gongylodes Group | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–late Julsown direct | early Mar–late Julsown direct | early Mar–late Julsown direct | early Mar–late Julsown direct | pH 6–6.5 · 42–84 days · risk: brassica downy mildew |
| KomatsunaBrassica rapa var. perviridis | Brassicas & mustards | mid Mar–late Augsown direct | mid Mar–late Augsown direct | mid Mar–late Augsown direct | mid Mar–late Augsown direct | pH 5.5–6.8 · risk: downy mildew |
| KurratAllium ampeloprasum var. kurrat | The onion family | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | risk: allium white rot |
| Lacinato KaleBrassica oleracea var. palmifolia | Brassicas & mustards | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | RHS H7 · risk: white blister |
| Land CressBarbarea verna | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–late Sepsown direct | early Mar–late Sepsown direct | early Mar–late Sepsown direct | early Mar–late Sepsown direct | |
| LeekAllium ampeloprasum var. porrum | The onion family | mid Feb–mid Junearly May–mid Jul | early Mar–mid Junmid May–mid Julest. | mid Mar–late Junlate May–late Julest. | early Apr–late Junearly Jun–late Julest. | pH 6–6.5 · 6–10h sun · risk: allium white rot |
| Lemon BalmMelissa officinalis | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | risk: powdery mildew |
| Lemon ThymeThymus x citriodorus | Herbs & aromatics | late Mar–late Maysown direct | late Mar–late Maysown direct | late Mar–late Maysown direct | late Mar–late Maysown direct | risk: foot and root rot |
| LemongrassCymbopogon citratus | Herbs & aromatics | early May–late Maysown direct | early May–late Maysown direct | early May–late Maysown direct | early May–late Maysown direct | risk: grassy shoot disease |
| LentilLens culinaris | Peas & beans | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | pH 5.5–7.5 · 90 days · risk: powdery mildew |
| LettuceLactuca sativa | Leaves & salads | mid Feb–mid Sepmid Mar–late Sep | early Mar–early Sepearly Apr–late Sepest. | mid Mar–late Augmid Apr–mid Sepest. | mid Mar–late Augmid Apr–early Sepest. | pH 6–6.5 · 4h sun · 28–98 days · risk: grey mould |
| Lima BeanPhaseolus lunatus | Peas & beans | mid May–early Julsown direct | mid May–early Julsown direct | mid May–early Julsown direct | mid May–early Julsown direct | pH 5.5–7 · 60–105 days · risk: bean anthracnose |
| LingonberryVaccinium vitis-idaeaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early May–late Junsown direct | early May–late Junsown direct | early May–late Junsown direct | early May–late Junsown direct | RHS H6 · risk: lime-induced chlorosis |
| LoganberryRubus loganobaccusplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | risk: grey mould |
| LoofahLuffa aegyptiaca | Squashes & cucumbers | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | pH 5.5–6.8 · 60–90 days · risk: powdery mildew |
| LovageLevisticum officinale | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | pH 6–7 · risk: celery leaf spot |
| Love-Lies-Bleeding AmaranthAmaranthus caudatus | Leaves & salads | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–mid Maysown directest. | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | mid Apr–late Maysown direct | pH 5.5–7.5 · 90–100 days · risk: damping-off |
| LucerneMedicago sativa | Peas & beans | early Sep–early Novsown direct | early Sep–late Octsown direct | late Aug–mid Octsown direct | mid Aug–early Octsown direct | RHS H7 · risk: bacterial wilt |
| MacaLepidium meyenii | Roots & tubers | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | pH 6.5–7.5 |
| Malabar SpinachBasella alba | Leaves & salads | mid May–mid Junsown direct | mid May–mid Junsown direct | late May–late Junsown direct | late May–late Junsown direct | RHS H1C |
| Mangelwurzel | Roots & tubers | mid Feb–late Maysown direct | mid Feb–late Maysown direct | mid Feb–late Maysown direct | mid Feb–late Maysown direct | risk: rhizomania |
| MangetoutPisum sativum var. macrocarpon | Peas & beans | early Mar–mid Aprsown directest. | early Mar–mid Aprsown directest. | early Mar–mid Aprsown directest. | early Mar–mid Aprsown directest. | RHS H2 · risk: grey mould |
| MarjoramOriganum majorana | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | risk: mint rust |
| Marrowstem KaleBrassica oleracea var. medullosa | Brassicas & mustards | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | pH 4.2–8.3 · risk: club root |
| MashuaTropaeolum tuberosum | Roots & tubers | early May–early Junsown direct | early May–early Junsown direct | early May–early Junsown direct | mid May–early Junsown direct | RHS H3 · risk: bacterial tuber staining |
| MedlarMespilus germanicaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | risk: brown rot |
| MelonCucumis melo | Squashes & cucumbers | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | pH 6–7.5 · 6h sun · risk: powdery mildew |
| MibunaBrassica rapa var. japonica | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–late Augsown direct | early Mar–late Augsown direct | early Mar–late Augsown direct | early Mar–late Augsown direct | pH 6–7.5 · risk: club root |
| MitsubaCryptotaenia japonica | Herbs & aromatics | early May–late Maysown direct | early May–late Maysown direct | early May–late Maysown direct | early May–late Maysown direct | risk: grey mould |
| MizunaBrassica rapa subsp. nipposinica | Brassicas & mustards | mid Mar–mid Sepsown direct | mid Mar–mid Sepsown direct | mid Mar–mid Sepsown direct | mid Mar–mid Sepsown direct | pH 5.5–6.8 · RHS H5 · risk: white blister |
| Moso BambooPhyllostachys edulis | Plant once, harvest for years | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | mid Mar–late Aprsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: bamboo rust |
| MugwortArtemisia vulgaris | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | pH 4.8–8.2 · RHS H6 · risk: honey fungus |
| Mustard GreensBrassica juncea | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | pH 6–6.5 · 6h sun · 25–50 days · risk: brassica downy mildew |
| Myoga GingerZingiber mioga | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | mid Mar–late Aprsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: foot and root rot |
| NaranjillaSolanum quitoense | The potato & tomato family | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | 4–8h sun · RHS H1C · risk: honey fungus |
| NasturtiumTropaeolum majus | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | pH 6–7 · 6h sun · risk: southern bacterial wilt |
| NectarinePrunus persica var. nucipersicaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | risk: silver leaf |
| New Zealand SpinachTetragonia tetragonoides | Leaves & salads | early Mar–mid Maysown direct | early Mar–mid Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | mid Mar–late Maysown direct | RHS H3 |
| Nine Star Perennial BroccoliBrassica oleracea | Brassicas & mustards | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | pH 6.5–7.5 · RHS H4 · risk: club root |
| Nodding OnionAllium cernuum | The onion family | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | RHS H6 · risk: allium white rot |
| OatAvena sativa | Grains & pseudo-grains | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | mid Mar–late Aprsown direct | RHS H5 |
| OcaOxalis tuberosa | Roots & tubers | early May–early Augsown direct | early May–early Augsown direct | early May–early Augsown direct | mid May–early Augsown direct | RHS H2 · risk: wet rot / stem rot |
| OkraAbelmoschus esculentus | More crops to try | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | risk: powdery mildew |
| OnionAllium cepa | The onion family | mid Jan–late Marearly Mar–mid Apr | late Jan–late Marmid Mar–mid Aprest. | early Feb–early Aprlate Mar–late Aprest. | mid Feb–mid Aprearly Apr–late Aprest. | pH 6.2–6.5 · 6h sun · 85–120 days · risk: allium white rot |
| OrachAtriplex hortensis | Leaves & salads | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | pH 6.5–7.5 |
| OreganoOriganum vulgare | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | 6h sun · RHS H6 · risk: mint rust |
| Ostrich FernMatteuccia struthiopteris | Plant once, harvest for years | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | mid Mar–late Aprsown direct | RHS H5 |
| Pak ChoiBrassica rapa Chinensis Group | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | early Mar–mid Augsown direct | pH 6–6.4 · 28–70 days · risk: brassica downy mildew |
| ParsleyPetroselinum crispum | Roots & tubers | early May–early Augsown direct | early May–early Augsown direct | early May–early Augsown direct | early May–early Augsown direct | pH 6–7.5 · risk: parsley virus diseases |
| ParsnipPastinaca sativa | Roots & tubers | early Mar–late Maysown directest. | early Mar–late Maysown directest. | early Mar–late Maysown directest. | early Mar–late Maysown directest. | pH 6–6.8 · 100–120 days · risk: downy mildew |
| PeaPisum sativum | Peas & beans | mid Feb–late Junsown direct | early Mar–late Junsown directest. | mid Mar–late Junsown directest. | mid Mar–mid Junsown directest. | pH 6–6.5 · 6h sun · 55–112 days · risk: powdery mildew |
| PeachPrunus persicaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | risk: blossom wilt |
| PeanutArachis hypogaea | Peas & beans | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | pH 5.8–6.5 · 90–150 days · risk: peanut late leaf spot |
| PearPyrus communisplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | pH 6–7 · 6–8h sun · RHS H6 · risk: pear scab |
| Pearl LupinLupinus mutabilis | Peas & beans | mid Mar–mid Maysown directest. | mid Mar–mid Maysown directest. | mid Mar–mid Maysown directest. | mid Mar–mid Maysown directest. | pH 5–6.5 · RHS H3 |
| Pearl OnionAllium ampeloprasum var. sectivum | The onion family | early Nov–late Febsown direct | early Nov–late Febsown direct | early Nov–late Febsown direct | early Nov–late Febsown direct | risk: allium white rot |
| Pepino DulceSolanum muricatum | The potato & tomato family | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | pH 6.5–7.5 · RHS H2 · risk: phytophthora blight |
| PepperCapsicum annuum | The potato & tomato family | early Feb–late Marearly May–late Junest. | early Feb–late Marearly May–late Junest. | early Feb–late Marearly May–late Junest. | early Feb–late Marearly May–late Junest. | pH 6–6.5 · 6h sun · risk: grey mould |
| PeppermintMentha x piperita | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | risk: mint rust |
| Perpetual SpinachBeta vulgaris subsp. cicla var. cicla | Roots & tubers | early Mar–late Augsown direct | early Mar–late Augsown direct | early Mar–late Augsown direct | early Mar–late Augsown direct | RHS H4 · risk: grey mould |
| Pigeon PeaCajanus cajan | Peas & beans | early Mar–late Marsown directest. | early Mar–late Marsown directest. | early Mar–late Marsown directest. | early Mar–late Marsown directest. | risk: fusarium wilt |
| PignutConopodium majus | Roots & tubers | early May–late Maysown direct | early May–late Maysown direct | early May–late Maysown direct | early May–late Maysown direct | RHS H6 |
| Pine NutPinus pinea | Nuts | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | mid Mar–late Aprsown direct | RHS H4 · risk: diplodia tip blight |
| PlumPrunus domesticaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | pH 6–6.5 · 6–8h sun · RHS H5 · risk: blossom wilt |
| Pointed CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitata f. acuta | Brassicas & mustards | early Feb–early Maysown direct | early Feb–early Maysown direct | early Feb–early Maysown direct | early Feb–early Maysown direct | RHS H2 · risk: club root |
| Potato OnionAllium cepa var. aggregatum | The onion family | early Oct–mid Octsown direct | early Oct–mid Octsown direct | early Oct–mid Octsown direct | early Oct–mid Octsown direct | risk: allium white rot |
| PumpkinCucurbita maxima | Squashes & cucumbers | early May–late Junlate May–late Jun | early May–late Junearly Jun–early Julest. | early May–late Junearly Jun–mid Julest. | early May–late Junearly Jun–mid Jul | pH 5.5–7.5 · 6–10h sun · risk: grey mould |
| PurslanePortulaca oleracea | Leaves & salads | early May–early Julsown direct | early May–early Julsown direct | early May–early Julsown direct | early May–early Julsown direct | 6h sun · risk: stem/root rot |
| QuinceCydonia oblongaplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | risk: fire blight |
| QuinoaChenopodium quinoa | Grains & pseudo-grains | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | pH 5.5–8 · risk: quinoa downy mildew |
| RadishRaphanus sativus | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–late Sepsown directest. | early Mar–late Sepsown directest. | early Mar–late Sepsown directest. | early Mar–late Sepsown directest. | pH 6–7 · 6–10h sun · 25–56 days · risk: club root |
| RamsonsAllium ursinum | The onion family | early Sep–mid Octsown direct | early Sep–mid Octsown direct | early Sep–mid Octsown direct | early Sep–mid Octsown direct | risk: allium white rot |
| RaspberryRubus idaeusplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Dec–late Marsown direct | early Dec–late Marsown direct | early Dec–late Marsown direct | early Dec–late Marsown direct | pH 6–6.7 · RHS H6 · risk: raspberry cane blight |
| Rat-tailed RadishRaphanus sativus var. caudatus | Brassicas & mustards | early May–mid Augsown direct | early May–mid Augsown direct | early May–mid Augsown direct | early May–mid Augsown direct | pH 6–7 · risk: brassica downy mildew |
| Red CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra | Brassicas & mustards | early Feb–late Maysown direct | early Feb–late Maysown direct | early Feb–late Maysown direct | early Feb–late Maysown direct | risk: club root |
| Red CloverTrifolium pratense | Peas & beans | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | mid Mar–mid Maysown direct | late Mar–late Maysown direct | RHS H7 · risk: clover rot |
| Red Russian KaleBrassica napus var. pabularia | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | RHS H7 · risk: white blister |
| RedcurrantRibes rubrumplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | Nov–Marsown direct | Nov–Marsown direct | Nov–Marsown direct | Nov–Marsown direct | pH 6.5–7.5 · 6h sun · risk: powdery mildew |
| RhubarbRheum rhabarbarum | Plant once, harvest for years | early Nov–late Marearly Nov–late Marest. | early Nov–late Marearly Nov–late Marest. | early Nov–late Marearly Nov–late Marest. | early Nov–late Marearly Nov–late Marest. | risk: downy mildew |
| RocamboleAllium sativum var. ophioscorodon | The onion family | mid Oct–mid Decsown direct | mid Oct–mid Decsown direct | mid Oct–mid Decsown direct | mid Oct–mid Decsown direct | risk: allium white rot |
| RocketEruca vesicaria subsp. sativa | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–late Maysown directest. | early Mar–late Maysown directest. | early Mar–late Maysown directest. | early Mar–late Maysown directest. | pH 6–6.5 · 28–60 days · risk: alternaria leaf blight |
| Rocoto PepperCapsicum pubescens | The potato & tomato family | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | pH 4.3–8.3 · 6–8h sun |
| Romanesco BroccoliBrassica oleracea Botrytis Group | Brassicas & mustards | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | early Apr–early Julsown direct | RHS H4 · risk: club root |
| RosemarySalvia rosmarinus | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | pH 6–7.5 · RHS H4 · risk: powdery mildew |
| Runner beanPhaseolus coccineus | Peas & beans | mid May–late Junmid May–late Jun | late May–late Junlate May–late Junest. | late May–late Junlate May–late Jun | late May–late Junlate May–late Jun | 6–10h sun · risk: bean rust |
| RyeSecale cereale | Grains & pseudo-grains | early Jun–late Novsown direct | early Jun–mid Novsown direct | early Jun–early Novsown direct | early Jun–mid Octsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: anthracnose |
| SafflowerCarthamus tinctorius | Grains & pseudo-grains | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | pH 6–7.5 · 6–8h sun · RHS H5 · risk: alternaria leaf spot of safflower |
| Saffron CrocusCrocus sativus | Herbs & aromatics | early Aug–mid Sepsown direct | early Aug–mid Sepsown direct | early Aug–early Sepsown direct | early Aug–early Sepsown direct | risk: corm rot |
| SageSalvia officinalis | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | pH 6–8 · 6h sun · risk: honey fungus |
| Salad BurnetSanguisorba minor | Herbs & aromatics | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | |
| SalsifyTragopogon porrifolius | Roots & tubers | early Mar–early Junsown direct | early Mar–early Junsown direct | early Mar–early Junsown direct | early Mar–early Junsown direct | pH 6.5–7.5 · 6h sun · risk: white blister |
| Sand LeekAllium scorodoprasum | The onion family | early Sep–early Decsown direct | early Sep–early Decsown direct | early Sep–early Decsown direct | early Sep–early Decsown direct | RHS H6 · risk: allium white rot |
| Savoy CabbageBrassica oleracea var. sabauda | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–early Augsown direct | early Mar–early Augsown direct | early Mar–early Augsown direct | early Mar–early Augsown direct | risk: black rot of brassicas |
| ScorzoneraScorzonera hispanica | Roots & tubers | early Mar–early Junsown direct | early Mar–early Junsown direct | early Mar–early Junsown direct | early Mar–early Junsown direct | pH 6–7.5 · 120 days · risk: white blister |
| Sea BeetBeta vulgaris subsp. maritima | Roots & tubers | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | RHS H7 · risk: grey mould |
| Sea BuckthornHippophae rhamnoidesplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | RHS H7 · risk: verticillium wilt |
| Sea HollyEryngium maritimum | Herbs & aromatics | early Oct–late Novsown direct | early Oct–late Novsown direct | early Oct–late Novsown direct | early Oct–late Novsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: root rot |
| Sea KaleCrambe maritima | Plant once, harvest for years | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | pH 6.5–7.5 · risk: club root |
| ShallotAllium cepa Aggregatum Group | The onion family | mid Jan–late Marmid Feb–mid Apr | late Jan–late Marearly Mar–mid Aprest. | early Feb–early Aprmid Mar–late Aprest. | mid Feb–mid Aprlate Mar–late Aprest. | pH 6–7 · 90–120 days · risk: allium white rot |
| Shark Fin MelonCucurbita ficifolia | Squashes & cucumbers | mid Apr–mid Mayearly Jun–mid Jun | mid Apr–mid Mayearly Jun–mid Jun | mid Apr–mid Mayearly Jun–mid Jun | mid Apr–mid Mayearly Jun–mid Jun | pH 6.4–7.5 · RHS H2 · risk: grey mould |
| Shepherd's PurseCapsella bursa-pastoris | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | pH 5–8 · RHS H6 · risk: white blister |
| ShisoPerilla frutescens | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | RHS H3 |
| ShungikuGlebionis coronaria | Leaves & salads | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | RHS H7 |
| Siberian KaleBrassica napus var. pabularia | Brassicas & mustards | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | early Apr–early Junsown direct | risk: brassica downy mildew |
| Signet MarigoldTagetes tenuifolia | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | risk: grey mould |
| SkirretSium sisarum | Roots & tubers | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | RHS H6 |
| SorrelRumex acetosa | Leaves & salads | early Apr–late Junsown direct | early Apr–late Junsown direct | early Apr–late Junsown direct | early Apr–late Junsown direct | pH 5.5–6.8 · 3h sun |
| Sour CherryPrunus cerasusplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | early Nov–late Marsown direct | risk: blossom wilt |
| SpearmintMentha spicata | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | pH 5.5–6.5 · risk: powdery mildew |
| SpinachSpinacia oleracea | Leaves & salads | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown directest. | mid Mar–late Maysown directest. | early Apr–mid Maysown directest. | pH 6–7 · 4h sun · 30–60 days · risk: spinach downy mildew |
| Spring onionAllium fistulosum | The onion family | early Mar–late Sepsown direct | mid Mar–mid Sepsown directest. | early Apr–early Sepsown directest. | mid Apr–early Sepsown directest. | pH 6.6–7.4 · 5h sun · 60 days · risk: onion downy mildew |
| Sprouting BroccoliBrassica oleracea Italica Group | Brassicas & mustards | early Feb–late Julsown direct | early Feb–late Julsown direct | early Feb–late Julsown direct | early Feb–late Julsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: white blister |
| SquashCucurbita moschata | Squashes & cucumbers | early May–late Junlate May–late Jun | early May–late Junearly Jun–early Julest. | early May–late Junearly Jun–mid Julest. | early May–late Junearly Jun–mid Jul | pH 5.5–7.5 · 6–10h sun · 60–100 days · risk: powdery mildew |
| SteviaStevia rebaudiana | Herbs & aromatics | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | early Feb–late Marmid May–mid Jun | pH 5.5–7 · 2–6h sun · RHS H3 · risk: septoria leaf spot of stevia |
| StrawberryFragaria x ananassa | Fruit & berries | early Sep–late Octsown direct | early Sep–late Octsown directest. | late Aug–mid Octsown directest. | late Aug–late Sepsown directest. | 8h sun · 180–270 days · risk: grey mould |
| Strawberry BliteBlitum capitatum | Leaves & salads | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | RHS H5 |
| Sugar Beet | Roots & tubers | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | risk: beet leaf curl virus |
| Summer SavorySatureja hortensis | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | |
| SunflowerHelianthus annuus | More crops to try | late Mar–late Maysown direct | late Mar–late Maysown direct | late Mar–late Maysown direct | late Mar–late Maysown direct | pH 6–7.5 · 6h sun · risk: white mold |
| SwedeBrassica napus Napobrassica Group | Brassicas & mustards | early May–late Junsown directest. | early May–late Junsown directest. | early May–late Junsown directest. | early May–late Junsown directest. | pH 6–6.5 · risk: club root |
| Sweet CherryPrunus aviumplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | early Nov–mid Febsown direct | pH 6–7 · 6–8h sun · RHS H6 · risk: blossom wilt |
| Sweet ChestnutCastanea sativaplanted, not sown | Nuts | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | early Mar–late Marsown direct | RHS H6 · risk: anthracnose |
| Sweet CicelyMyrrhis odorata | Herbs & aromatics | early Sep–early Novsown direct | early Sep–early Novsown direct | early Sep–early Novsown direct | early Sep–early Novsown direct | |
| Sweet FennelFoeniculum vulgare var. dulce | Roots & tubers | mid Apr–late Maysown direct | mid Apr–late Maysown direct | mid Apr–late Maysown direct | mid Apr–late Maysown direct | RHS H5 · risk: root rot |
| Sweet PotatoIpomoea batatas | Roots & tubers | early Apr–late Aprmid May–mid Jun | mid Apr–mid Maylate May–late Junest. | late Apr–late Mayearly Jun–late Junest. | early May–early Junearly Jun–early Julest. | pH 5–7 · 6h sun · 100–150 days · risk: sweetpotato black rot |
| SweetcornZea mays | Grains & pseudo-grains | early Apr–late Maylate May–late Jun | early Apr–late Mayearly Jun–early Julest. | early Apr–late Mayearly Jun–mid Julest. | early Apr–late Mayearly Jun–mid Jul | pH 5.5–6.8 · 6h sun · 80–95 days · risk: damping-off |
| Szechuan PepperZanthoxylum simulans | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | mid Mar–late Aprsown direct | RHS H6 |
| TamarilloSolanum betaceum | The potato & tomato family | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | early Feb–late Marsown direct | pH 6–7 · 6–8h sun · RHS H1B · risk: powdery mildew |
| TaroColocasia esculenta | Roots & tubers | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | RHS H1B · risk: taro leaf blight |
| TarragonArtemisia dracunculus | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | pH 6.5–7 · 42–56 days · risk: honey fungus |
| TatsoiBrassica rapa var. rosularis | Brassicas & mustards | mid Mar–late Augsown direct | mid Mar–late Augsown direct | mid Mar–late Augsown direct | mid Mar–late Augsown direct | pH 5.5–6.8 · RHS H5 · risk: white blister |
| TayberryRubus fruticosus x idaeusplanted, not sown | Fruit & berries | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | mid Oct–late Marsown direct | risk: grey mould |
| Thousandhead KaleBrassica oleracea var. ramosa | Brassicas & mustards | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | early Apr–late Maysown direct | risk: club root |
| Three-cornered LeekAllium triquetrum | The onion family | early Aug–late Sepsown direct | early Aug–late Sepsown direct | early Aug–late Sepsown direct | early Aug–late Sepsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: allium white rot |
| ThymeThymus vulgaris | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | early Mar–early Aprsown direct | pH 5.5–6.5 · 6h sun · 90–180 days · risk: grey mould |
| TomatilloPhysalis philadelphica | The potato & tomato family | mid May–mid Junsown direct | mid May–mid Junsown direct | mid May–mid Junsown direct | mid May–mid Junsown direct | pH 6–7 · 6h sun · 60–75 days · risk: powdery mildew |
| TomatoSolanum lycopersicum | The potato & tomato family | late Mar–early Aprlate May | late Mar–early Aprlate May–mid Junest. | late Mar–early Aprearly Jun–mid Jun | late Mar–early Aprearly Jun–mid Jun | pH 5.8–6.8 · 6–8h sun · 52–90 days from planting · risk: late blight |
| Tree CollardBrassica oleracea var. acephala | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | early Mar–late Maysown direct | risk: club root |
| Tree OnionAllium x proliferum | The onion family | early Sep–late Novsown direct | early Sep–late Novsown direct | early Sep–late Novsown direct | early Sep–late Novsown direct | risk: allium white rot |
| TurmericCurcuma longa | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | 3–6h sun · 150–210 days · risk: bacterial wilt |
| TurnipBrassica rapa Rapifera Group | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–late Augsown directest. | early Mar–late Augsown directest. | early Mar–late Augsown directest. | early Mar–late Augsown directest. | pH 6–6.8 · 4h sun · 42–70 days · risk: club root |
| UllucoUllucus tuberosus | Roots & tubers | early May–early Junsown direct | early May–early Junsown direct | mid May–mid Junsown direct | late May–late Junsown direct | risk: potato leafroll virus disease |
| ValerianValeriana officinalis | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | mid Mar–late Aprsown direct | late Mar–early Maysown direct | RHS H4 |
| WalnutJuglans regiaplanted, not sown | Nuts | early Nov–late Febsown direct | early Nov–late Febsown direct | early Nov–late Febsown direct | early Nov–late Febsown direct | risk: walnut leaf blotch |
| WasabiEutrema japonicum | Brassicas & mustards | early Nov–mid Decsown direct | early Nov–mid Decsown direct | early Nov–mid Decsown direct | early Nov–mid Decsown direct | risk: phytophthora blight |
| Water ChestnutEleocharis dulcis | Roots & tubers | early May–early Junsown direct | early May–early Junsown direct | mid May–mid Junsown direct | late May–late Junsown direct | |
| Water SpinachIpomoea aquatica | Leaves & salads | late Feb–mid Marsown direct | late Feb–mid Marsown direct | late Feb–mid Marsown direct | late Feb–mid Marsown direct | pH 5–7 · risk: water spinach white rust |
| WatercressNasturtium officinale | Leaves & salads | mid Jan–late Aprsown direct | mid Jan–late Aprsown direct | mid Jan–late Aprsown direct | mid Jan–late Aprsown direct | pH 6.5–7.5 · risk: watercress root rot |
| WatermelonCitrullus lanatus | Squashes & cucumbers | mid May–mid Junsown direct | mid May–mid Junsown direct | mid May–mid Junsown direct | mid May–mid Junsown direct | pH 6–7 · 6h sun · risk: watermelon fusarium wilt |
| Welsh OnionAllium fistulosum | The onion family | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | early Mar–early Sepsown direct | RHS H3 · risk: allium white rot |
| WheatTriticum aestivum | Grains & pseudo-grains | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–late Aprsown direct | mid Mar–late Aprsown direct | RHS H5 · risk: wheat rust |
| White MustardSinapis alba | Brassicas & mustards | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | mid Apr–mid Maysown direct | late Apr–late Maysown direct | early May–late Maysown direct | RHS H4 · risk: clubroot |
| Wild RocketDiplotaxis tenuifolia | Brassicas & mustards | early Apr–mid Augsown direct | early Apr–mid Augsown direct | early Apr–mid Augsown direct | early Apr–mid Augsown direct | RHS H3 · risk: downy mildew |
| Winter CressBarbarea vulgaris | Brassicas & mustards | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | early Mar–early Maysown direct | risk: downy mildew |
| Winter Purslane | Leaves & salads | early Sep–late Marsown direct | early Sep–late Marsown direct | early Sep–late Marsown direct | early Sep–late Marsown direct | |
| Winter SavorySatureja montana | Herbs & aromatics | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | early Mar–mid Aprsown direct | |
| WonderberrySolanum retroflexum | The potato & tomato family | early Mar–late Marsown directest. | early Mar–late Marsown directest. | early Mar–late Marsown directest. | early Mar–late Marsown directest. | |
| YaconSmallanthus sonchifolius | Roots & tubers | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | early Apr–early Maysown direct | pH 5.5–6.5 · risk: powdery mildew |
| Yardlong BeanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis | Peas & beans | mid Apr–early Junsown direct | mid Apr–early Junsown direct | mid Apr–early Junsown direct | mid Apr–early Junsown direct | pH 5.5–6.5 · 6h sun · 75 days · risk: powdery mildew |
Month by month instead?
The same windows, read the other way round, are in the UK vegetable planting calendar: what to sow indoors, sow outside, plant out and harvest each month. To turn a sowing list into a plot, try the vegetable garden layout planner.
Using this table
You are welcome to link to this page or quote a crop's window with a link back to it, for allotment newsletters, school growing clubs and club websites. Dates are checked against the guides they come from; if you spot one that does not match your experience, tell us and we will check it against the sources.
Data drawn from 269 SoilCommander UK growing guides on 2026-10-20.
Sources and further reading
- RHS: grow your own vegetables
- RHS: planning a vegetable garden
- RHS: crop rotation
- Met Office: location-specific long-term climate averages
The guides linked from this page list their own sources in a References section. See our editorial policy.