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How to Grow Capers UK | Regional Planting Calendar
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RHS grows caper under glass in the UK, potting on and starting seed in spring; plants can move outdoors for summer only, given a sheltered, south- or west-facing spot -- H1C hardiness (5-10C minimum) rules out year-round outdoor growing anywhere in the UK.
Midlands - detail & sources
Same under-glass regime as elsewhere in the UK -- RHS's H1C rating means this crop is never grown outdoors year-round regardless of region.
Northern England - detail & sources
Same under-glass regime as elsewhere in the UK -- RHS's H1C rating means this crop is never grown outdoors year-round regardless of region.
Scotland - detail & sources
Same under-glass regime as elsewhere in the UK -- RHS's H1C rating means this crop is never grown outdoors year-round regardless of region.
Loam and sand, very sharp drainage (RHS/Wisconsin Horticulture); tolerates drought well once established.
Lifecycle
Tender, sprawling shrub. RHS rates it H1C (5-10C minimum) -- grown outdoors in summer in the UK but needing shelter or a container life the rest of the year. Wisconsin Horticulture gives a USDA zone 8 minimum, noting plants lose all their leaves in winter where only marginally hardy.
RHS: sow seed soaked in warm water for 2-3 days beforehand, at 18-21C -- germination is slow and erratic. Wisconsin Horticulture: fresh seed germinates best; stored seed needs scarification and/or cold stratification and can take up to three months, or propagate by softwood/hardwood cuttings.
Establishment
3
RHS: grow under glass in peat-free, loam-based compost with added grit; water moderately in the growing season with a monthly high-potash feed, sparingly in winter. Wisconsin Horticulture: needs very sharp drainage and limited water, similar to olive-growing conditions -- once established plants are notably drought-tolerant.
Flowering
6
RHS: in summer, plants produce white, four-petalled flowers with a tuft of white-to-pink stamens above round, grey-green leaves to 4cm across on a sprawling shrub to 1m tall.
Bud harvest
8
Wisconsin Horticulture: harvest unopened flower buds by hand while still dark olive-green and about the size of a corn kernel; the intense caper flavour only develops after picking, as mustard oil (glucocapparin) is released from the bud.
When to pick: Wisconsin Horticulture: pick unopened flower buds by hand while dark olive-green and about the size of a corn kernel, mid-May to mid-August, ideally in early morning while buds are still tight.
Storage
Sun-dry the buds, then brine, salt, or pickle (Wisconsin Horticulture). Caperberries are also pickled.
RHS: may be susceptible to mealybugs under glass. Wisconsin Horticulture does not mention any significant pest problems, consistent with wider reporting that capers are largely pest-free.
RHS describes four white petals surrounding a tuft of white-to-pink stamens -- the flower itself is one of caper's most ornamental features, even before the buds are picked.
Caper is famous for rooting in the smallest crack in old stone or brick walls -- both RHS and Wisconsin Horticulture note its need for very sharp drainage, which crevice growing supplies naturally.
Wisconsin Horticulture describes semi-prostrate branches spreading 6-10ft wide from a plant only about 3ft tall -- caper spreads far more than it grows upright.
The purple-tinted filaments and prominent stamens are part of what makes caper flowers stand out, even though it's the unopened bud, not the flower, that becomes the culinary caper.
Buds, an open flower, and ripening fruit shown together -- Wisconsin Horticulture notes the intense caper flavour only develops after the bud is picked, as mustard oil is released.
Hardiness H1C (5-10C minimum). Soil: loam and sand, well-drained, acid/alkaline/neutral pH tolerant. Sun/aspect: full sun, south/west-facing. Exposure: sheltered. Size: 0.5-1m height and spread, 2-5 years to maturity. Under glass: peat-free loam-based compost with added grit; water moderately in growing season with monthly high-potash feed, sparingly in winter. Propagation: seed soaked in warm water 2-3 days before sowing at 18-21C, germination slow and erratic. Pests: may be susceptible to mealybugs. Diseases: generally disease-free. Growth habit: tender, sprawling shrub to 1m, round grey-green leaves to 4cm; white four-petalled flowers with white-to-pink stamens in summer; unopened buds pickled/salted as capers, long-stalked olive-shaped berries eaten as caperberries.
Light: high light intensity required. Soil: dry, sandy or gravelly, very sharp drainage, limited water, similar to olive-growing regions. Size: ~3ft tall, semi-prostrate branches spreading 6-10ft wide. Hardiness: zone 8 minimum; technically evergreen but loses leaves in winter where marginally hardy; Midwest plants must come indoors before frost. Native range: wild throughout the Mediterranean and other areas, native status unclear. Propagation: seed or softwood/hardwood cuttings; fresh seed germinates best, stored seed needs scarification/cold stratification with sporadic results, often taking up to 3 months. Harvest: unopened buds picked by hand when dark olive-green, about the size of a corn kernel; intense flavour develops after picking as mustard oil (glucocapparin) releases; buds sun-dried then brined/salted/pickled; larger fruits (caperberries) also pickled; dried leaves used as a rennet substitute in cheesemaking. Not commonly cultivated in the US; suited to container growing as a novelty plant in warm climates.
2 independent sources are cited for this crop. Where they disagree - soil pH is the clearest case - every figure is preserved rather than averaged into false precision.
Frequently Asked Questions
When should I sow capers in the UK?
In Southern England, from early March. In Scotland, wait until early March. Treat these as a guide rather than a fixed date — the governing rule is to sow only once frost risk has passed and temperatures are reliably warm enough.
When do I sow capers?
Sow early March to late April.
Plan next season before the problems start
Most of the advice on this page comes down to timing and spacing — sowing at the right moment, rotating beds, and giving plants enough airflow. The UK Garden Planner lays your plot out month by month so those decisions are already made before the season starts.
UK vegetable growing guides · Checked against RHS & Met Office guidance
Every SoilCommander guide is written and maintained by our editorial team for real UK growing conditions, and reviewed against Royal Horticultural Society growing advice and Met Office climate data before publication.
Sketch your exact plot shape, pick your UK crops, and get a spacing-accurate bed layout with companion pairings, a rotation plan and month-by-month sowing dates — every fact sourced from RHS and Garden Organic.
