How to Grow Sea Buckthorns Canada

Quick Facts

Factor	Value
Drainage	Well-drained or moist but well-drained loam/sand (RHS); OMAFRA notes it adapts to all soil types including marginal land with poor nutrient and water retention.
Lifecycle	Deciduous, thorny, dioecious shrub or small tree with narrow, silvery leaves and inconspicuous flowers. Both male and female plants are needed for female plants to crop -- RHS states this directly, and OMAFRA gives the practical ratio: one male for every seven female plants. A nitrogen-fixing plant: OMAFRA notes supplemental nitrogen is usually not required as a result.
Edible parts	fruit
Documented problems	2 diseases, 4 pests

At a Glance

Diseases

Verticillium wilt

high

Verticillium dahliae

Named directly by OMAFRA as the single most serious disease risk -- "has caused mortality of young trees."

Damping off

low

Named directly by OMAFRA among seedling/young-plant disease risks.

Pests

Glasshouse red spider mite (two-spotted spider mite)

low

Tetranychus urticae

OMAFRA names "mites" without a specific species.

Spotted wing drosophila

low

Drosophila suzukii

OMAFRA flags spotted wing drosophila as a potential risk, explicitly noting it had not yet been reported on sea buckthorn in Ontario at time of writing -- a speculative, not confirmed, risk kept honest as such.

Aphids

low

Aphididae (various spp.)

Named directly by OMAFRA.

Caterpillars

low

Lepidoptera larvae

OMAFRA names "caterpillar defoliators" generically (examples given: gypsy moth, green fruitworm) -- recorded against the existing generic caterpillars entity rather than inventing separate species entries neither…

Growth Stages

Stage	BBCH	Notes
Planting and site	0	OMAFRA: propagated mainly from transplants grown from cuttings, less commonly by root division or seed; field transplants set out in spring. Space 1-1.5m apart within rows, 5-6m between rows, rows oriented north-south. Tolerates all soil types including marginal, poor-nutrient land, in full sun (RHS; OMAFRA).
Pollination	6	Dioecious -- both male and female plants are needed for a crop (RHS). OMAFRA gives the practical planting ratio: one male for every seven female plants.
Establishment care	3	A nitrogen-fixing plant -- OMAFRA notes supplemental nitrogen is usually not required. Regular pruning is needed to manage the dioecious planting and keep the naturally thorny growth manageable (OMAFRA).
Fruiting and harvest	8	OMAFRA: harvests typically begin in early August, over about 110-120 days, with multiple pickings. Hand-harvesting is very labour intensive given the thorns that complicate reaching the tightly-packed berries; an alternative is to cut whole branches, freeze at -20°C, then roll the berries off -- at the cost of reducing next year's yield. Mechanical harvesters are used in Europe.

Harvest & Storage

When to pick: OMAFRA: harvests typically begin in early August, with multiple harvests over about 110-120 days. Berries hug the stems tightly on female plants. Hand-harvesting is very labour intensive given the thorns; an alternative is to cut whole berry-laden branches, freeze them at -20°C, then roll the berries off -- though this reduces next year's yield. Mechanical harvesters are used in Europe.

Storage

Store at 4-6°C for 10-14 days (OMAFRA).

Sources

1. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Agribusiness (OMAFRA) - Sea Buckthorn

   Site/soil: all soil types, adapts to marginal land with poor nutrient/water retention; pH acidic to alkaline; rows oriented north-south. Spacing: in-row 1-1.5m, between rows 5-6m. Planting: propagated by transplants from cuttings (less commonly root divisions or seed); field transplants in spring, greenhouse propagation autumn or winter. Pollination: dioecious, 1 male per 7 female plants; regular pruning needed. Nitrogen fixing: fixes its own nitrogen, supplemental nitrogen usually not required. Harvest: about 110-120 days, harvests typically begin early August, multiple harvests; hand-harvesting very labour intensive, mechanical harvesters used in Europe; alternative -- cut berry-laden branches, freeze at -20°C, then roll berries off (reduces next year's yield). Storage: 4-6°C for 10-14 days. Thorns: most varieties thorny, complicating manual harvest. Pests/diseases: caterpillar defoliators, aphids, mites, damping off, wilts; Verticillium wilt notably has caused mortality of young trees; spotted wing drosophila is a potential risk, not yet reported on sea buckthorn in Ontario.

These source is specific to this region. The full list of 2 sources behind this guide (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Agribusiness (OMAFRA), Royal Horticultural Society) is in the references of our UK guide to sea buckthorns; they describe the plant itself, which is the same wherever it grows.