Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)
Also known as: Garden strawberry, Cultivated strawberry · 21 sources cited · Verified
The short answer
- Ready in
- 180–270 days
- Site
- 8+ hours of sun, soil pH 5.8–6.5
- Biggest risk
- Grey mould
In the UK, strawberries are ready to harvest 180–270 days after planting.
Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) — Herbaceous perennial.
This crop carries an unusually heavy problem load: 4 diseases, 5 pests and 4 nutrient issues are documented for it, so most of the effort in growing it well goes into prevention.
Core growing advice on this page is checked against named horticultural and university-extension sources — see References.
Diseases
Pests
Nutrient Issues
Quick Facts
| Factor | Value |
|---|---|
| Soil pH | 5.8 - 6.5 |
| Sunlight | 8-8 hours direct sun |
| Optimal growing temp | 11-24C |
| Minimum survivable temp | -20C |
| Time to harvest | 180-270 days |
| Soil texture | loam |
| Drainage | moist but well-drained |
| Lifecycle | Herbaceous perennial (RHS). Time to maturity 1-2 years (RHS). Distinct from tomato's dispute: no annual/perennial ambiguity here, both RHS and GBIF/WFO/POWO treat this cleanly as a perennial. |
| Edible parts | fruit |
At a Glance
When to plant in Canada
Canada. Strawberries go in as dormant bare-root crowns as early as the ground can be worked, rather than after the last frost: the plants are dormant when set, so frost risk is not what gates planting. Set the crown at the soil surface — roots and crown base covered, the rest of the crown proud — since planting too deep rots the crown. Matted row spacing 45-60 cm with rows 90-120 cm apart. The frost that matters in Canada is not at planting but at flowering: open blossoms are killed by a late spring frost, which removes the earliest and largest berries, so keep fleece to hand once flowering starts. June-bearers crop in their second growing season.
Soil & Growing Conditions
Growth Stages
| Stage | BBCH | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Establishment | 0 | Grow from runners (bare-root or cold-stored) or pot-grown plants rather than from seed. Plant with the base of the crown resting right at the soil surface: bury the crown and it rots, set it too high and the roots dry out (RHS). Space plants about 35-40cm (14-16in) apart in rows about 75cm (30in) apart, or about 20cm apart in containers (RHS); matted-row systems set plants wider and let runners fill in (Ohio State). Choose a sunny, sheltered site with fertile, moist but free-draining soil enriched with well-rotted compost, and avoid ground where strawberries, potatoes or tomatoes grew recently because they share verticillium wilt. Planting in late summer or early autumn (Aug-Oct) establishes plants before winter for a full crop the following June; spring planting gives a lighter first-year crop. Water in well and keep moist while establishing (time to a first full crop is about 1-2 years). |
| Vegetative Growth | 1 | Plants form a low rosette of trifoliate leaves and send out runners (stolons) that root into new plantlets. Remove unwanted runners through the season to prevent overcrowding and keep energy in the parent plant; peg down a few healthy runners in late summer if you want new plants for next year (RHS). Water regularly in dry spells, watering in the morning and keeping water off the crown, and keep beds weed-free. On spring-planted strawberries, pinch off the first flush of flowers in the first year so the plant builds strong roots and leaves before cropping (Ohio State first-year blossom removal). |
| Flowering | 6 | White (sometimes pink-flushed) flowers open in spring, typically April to May, and are pollinated by bees and other insects; good pollination gives well-shaped berries (RHS). Flower buds and open flowers are frost-sensitive, so cover plants with horticultural fleece overnight when spring frost is forecast and remove it by day so pollinators can reach the flowers (RHS; Met Office notes late frosts remain a UK risk into spring). As the first flower buds form, switch from a balanced feed to a high-potassium (tomato-type) feed to support fruiting rather than leafy growth. |
| Fruit Development | 7 | Fertilised flowers swell into green berries that enlarge and begin to colour. Tuck a layer of straw (the origin of the name strawberry) or strawberry mats under the developing fruit once berries form, to keep them off damp soil and reduce grey mould and slug damage (RHS). Water consistently while fruit is swelling because irregular watering causes small, misshapen or split fruit, but avoid wetting the ripening berries. Net plants or use a fruit cage as berries start to colour, since birds are the single biggest threat to a UK strawberry crop (RHS). |
| Ripening / Harvest | 8 | Pick berries when they are bright red all over, ideally during the warmest part of the day when flavour is best, checking plants every 2-3 days at the peak (RHS). June-bearing types crop heavily over about 2-3 weeks from late May or June; everbearing and day-neutral types crop in smaller flushes from summer into autumn (Ohio State; OSU Extension). Strawberries are highly perishable, so eat or refrigerate them promptly and freeze or make jam with any surplus. |
| Senescence / Dormancy | 9 | After the main summer harvest, renovate the bed: cut old foliage back to about 10cm, remove the straw mulch and any diseased leaves, and give a light feed to drive strong new growth for next year (RHS). Take the straw off in autumn so it does not harbour fungal diseases, slugs and snails over winter (RHS). Strawberries are hardy (RHS H6, about -20 to -15C) and go dormant over winter, but yield declines after about three to four fruiting years, so start a fresh bed in a different spot using runners from your healthiest plants (RHS; Ohio State). |
Harvest & Storage
Companion Planting
Pollination
Pollinating insects (bees and other flower visitors)
RHS "Plants for pollinators" tag; "The flowers attract pollinating insects" (RHS profile page). Specific pollinator species not named by the source.
Strawberries, Planting to Harvest
References
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Fetched by research subagent.
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Peer-reviewed; abstract fetched directly by research subagent from University of Sussex repository. Researcher-led trial + UK-wide citizen-science replication.
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country=INTL
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country=INTL
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Qualitative only: southern/coastal last air frost often before end of April; further north well into May, in a few places into June. No numeric per-region frost dates published here.
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Fetched by research subagent.
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Fetched by research subagent.
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Fetched by research subagent; published 2014-04-10.
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country=USA
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Fetched by research subagent; contains quantitative soil/tissue sufficiency tables.
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country=UK
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country=UK
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country=UK
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Fetched by research subagent; checked directly for companion-planting mentions (none found).
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Fetched by research subagent; general cross-plant guide, strawberry named explicitly under Boron.
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Fetched by research subagent; based on RHS Advisory Service case records since 1996.
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country=USA
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Fetched by research subagent; 2016-2018 field trials.
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Fetched by research subagent.
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Tier 1. US extension source: dormant bare-root plants are transplanted in early spring and, being dormant, need no wait for spring frost risk to pass; cover only the roots and the base of the crown, leaving as much crown above ground as possible; matted row 18-24 in in the row with rows 3-4 ft apart, annual hill 12-15 in staggered; June-bearers crop in the spring of the second growing season; blossoms are susceptible to late spring frost and should be covered on cold nights; irrigate every 3-5 days in summer heat; renovate immediately after harvest.
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country=INTL
21 independent sources are cited for this crop. Where they disagree - soil pH is the clearest case - every figure is preserved rather than averaged into false precision.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long do strawberries take to grow?
Typically 180–270 days, depending on cultivar and growing conditions.
What soil pH do strawberries need?
A pH of about 5.8–6.5. That span reflects genuine variation between the authorities we cite rather than a single agreed figure — the References section lists each source's exact range.
What problems affect strawberries?
Our data links 4 diseases and 5 pests to this crop. See the sections above for each one and how to manage it.
Plan next season before the problems start
Short-season growing is arithmetic before it is technique: days to maturity against frost-free days decides what will finish at all. The Canada Garden Planner does that subtraction for your region before you sow.
Get the Canada Garden Planner →Instant PDF download · Written for Canadian growing conditions
Vegetable Growing Guides Canada
Last verified 2026-07-27
Where To Go From Here
Take this crop from reading into a written plan for your own beds.
Plan the next step
Use the printable SoilCommander planner for your region to turn this guide into sowing dates, bed layouts and weekly garden tasks.