How to Grow Strawberries USA
On this page
In the US, strawberries are typically planted as dormant bare-root crowns in early spring — and because the plants are dormant at planting, there's no need to wait for the last frost date to pass, unlike most transplanted vegetables. June-bearing types give their first full crop the following spring, in their second growing season.
The short answer
- Ready in
- 180–270 days
- Site
- 8+ hours of sun
- Biggest risk
- Grey mould
Core growing advice on this page is checked against named horticultural sources — see References.
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)
Also known as: Garden strawberry, Cultivated strawberry · 21 sources cited · Verified
Quick Facts
| Factor | Value |
|---|---|
| Sunlight | 8-8 hours direct sun |
| Time to harvest | 180-270 days |
| Soil texture | loam |
| Drainage | moist but well-drained |
| Lifecycle | Herbaceous perennial (RHS). Time to maturity 1-2 years (RHS). Distinct from tomato's dispute: no annual/perennial ambiguity here, both RHS and GBIF/WFO/POWO treat this cleanly as a perennial. |
| Edible parts | fruit |
| Documented problems | 4 diseases, 5 pests, 4 nutrient issues |
At a Glance
Diseases
Pests
Nutrient Issues
When to plant in the USA
United States. Strawberries are planted as dormant bare-root crowns in early spring, and Utah State is explicit that because the plants are dormant there is no need to wait until the risk of spring frost has passed — so this crop does not time off the frost date the way a transplanted vegetable does. Set the crown so only the roots and its base are covered, leaving as much of the crown above ground as possible; planting too deep is the commonest cause of failure. Matted row: 18-24 in apart with rows 3-4 ft apart. Annual hill: 12-15 in apart in staggered rows. June-bearers give their first real crop in the spring of the second growing season. The frost risk that does matter comes later — open blossoms are killed by late spring frost, taking the earliest and largest berries with them, so cover blooming plants on cold nights.
Soil & Growing Conditions
Growth Stages
| Stage | BBCH | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Establishment | 0 | Grow from runners (bare-root or cold-stored) or pot-grown plants rather than from seed. Plant with the base of the crown resting right at the soil surface: bury the crown and it rots, set it too high and the roots dry out (RHS). Space plants about 35-40cm (14-16in) apart in rows about 75cm (30in) apart, or about 20cm apart in containers (RHS); matted-row systems set plants wider and let runners fill in (Ohio State). Choose a sunny, sheltered site with fertile, moist but free-draining soil enriched with well-rotted compost, and avoid ground where strawberries, potatoes or tomatoes grew recently because they share verticillium wilt. Planting in late summer or early autumn (Aug-Oct) establishes plants before winter for a full crop the following June; spring planting gives a lighter first-year crop. Water in well and keep moist while establishing (time to a first full crop is about 1-2 years). |
| Vegetative Growth | 1 | Plants form a low rosette of trifoliate leaves and send out runners (stolons) that root into new plantlets. Remove unwanted runners through the season to prevent overcrowding and keep energy in the parent plant; peg down a few healthy runners in late summer if you want new plants for next year (RHS). Water regularly in dry spells, watering in the morning and keeping water off the crown, and keep beds weed-free. On spring-planted strawberries, pinch off the first flush of flowers in the first year so the plant builds strong roots and leaves before cropping (Ohio State first-year blossom removal). |
| Flowering | 6 | White (sometimes pink-flushed) flowers open in spring, typically April to May, and are pollinated by bees and other insects; good pollination gives well-shaped berries (RHS). As the first flower buds form, switch from a balanced feed to a high-potassium (tomato-type) feed to support fruiting rather than leafy growth. |
| Fruit Development | 7 | Fertilised flowers swell into green berries that enlarge and begin to colour. Tuck a layer of straw (the origin of the name strawberry) or strawberry mats under the developing fruit once berries form, to keep them off damp soil and reduce grey mould and slug damage (RHS). Water consistently while fruit is swelling because irregular watering causes small, misshapen or split fruit, but avoid wetting the ripening berries. Net plants or use a fruit cage as berries start to colour, since birds are the single biggest threat to a UK strawberry crop (RHS). |
| Ripening / Harvest | 8 | Pick berries when they are bright red all over, ideally during the warmest part of the day when flavour is best, checking plants every 2-3 days at the peak (RHS). June-bearing types crop heavily over about 2-3 weeks from late May or June; everbearing and day-neutral types crop in smaller flushes from summer into autumn (Ohio State; OSU Extension). Strawberries are highly perishable, so eat or refrigerate them promptly and freeze or make jam with any surplus. |
| Senescence / Dormancy | 9 | After the main summer harvest, renovate the bed: cut old foliage back to about 10cm, remove the straw mulch and any diseased leaves, and give a light feed to drive strong new growth for next year (RHS). Take the straw off in autumn so it does not harbour fungal diseases, slugs and snails over winter (RHS). |
Harvest & Storage
Companion Planting
Pollination
Pollinating insects (bees and other flower visitors)
RHS "Plants for pollinators" tag; "The flowers attract pollinating insects" (RHS profile page). Specific pollinator species not named by the source.
Plan your Strawberries planting
When to sow and plant Strawberries depends on your own frost dates. Check the USA vegetable planting calendar, or the month-by-month guides that cover Strawberries: May, June, October. To work out where it fits in your beds, sketch your plot in the free Garden Layout Planner.
Growing Strawberry in another region
Sowing dates, frost timing and local advice differ by country. Use the guide for where you garden.
Sources
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Published 2014-04-10.
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Contains quantitative soil/tissue sufficiency tables.
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2016-2018 field trials.
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US extension source: dormant bare-root plants are transplanted in early spring and, being dormant, need no wait for spring frost risk to pass; cover only the roots and the base of the crown, leaving as much crown above ground as possible; matted row 18-24 in in the row with rows 3-4 ft apart, annual hill 12-15 in staggered; June-bearers crop in the spring of the second growing season; blossoms are susceptible to late spring frost and should be covered on cold nights; irrigate every 3-5 days in summer heat; renovate immediately after harvest.
These 10 sources are specific to this region. The full list of 21 sources behind this guide (Cornell University (Marvin Pritts), Ecological Entomology (Wiley) -- Griffiths-Lee, Nicholls & Goulson, 2020, FAO EcoCrop and others) is in the references of our UK guide to strawberries; they describe the plant itself, which is the same wherever it grows.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long do strawberries take to grow?
Typically 180–270 days, depending on cultivar and growing conditions.
What problems affect strawberries?
Our data links 4 diseases and 5 pests to this crop. See the sections above for each one and how to manage it.
Plan next season before the problems start
Almost everything on this page resolves to your own frost dates rather than the calendar — the last spring frost moves by roughly two months between zone 3 and zone 10. The USA Garden Planner works from your zone so the timing is already decided before the season starts.
Get the USA Garden Planner →Instant PDF download · Written for US growing conditions
How this guide is put together
The growing data on this page — sowing windows, pests, diseases, soil and site requirements — comes from named horticultural sources, listed in References below, checked against USDA hardiness-zone and frost-date data, with Cooperative Extension sources cited directly where one exists for a crop. An automated pipeline assembles that verified data into the page you're reading: it selects which facts to lead with and builds the surrounding prose and layout. It does not invent a date, a source or a number — where a verified value for a field isn't available, the page leaves it out rather than guessing. A person reviews and publishes each page; nothing goes live unverified.
Related Problem Guides
Last verified 2026-07-27
Where To Go From Here
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